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Community role in building social capital mechanism


[Abstract] urban community social capital building is the core of the modern community development, but the main building of social capital in the community position is unreasonable, greatly squeezing the space for the construction of community social capital, thereby impeding the urban community the process of building social capital. Building social capital in community government, community organizations and citizens such as the reasonable position of the main roles is the key to solve this problem. [Key words] community social capital; the role of participation; Administrative; community organizations social capital as a new analytical paradigm, is gradually being Management, Sociology , [u] Economics , and even the history of political science and other disciplines, scholars have used to explain social, political and economic phenomenon. As the state of constant attention to building urban communities, construction of community studies of social capital on the agenda. Including the relationship between community social capital building networks, community norms of trust and the three basic aspects of the community is the core of building a new community, the community determines the amount of social capital, community vitality and the strength of cohesion and community governance performance and efficiency. Correspond with this importance, our urban communities build social capital is slow. The reason there are many ways, the most important aspects of social capital in the community to reflect the role of building participatory mechanisms unreasonable. This article to explore the role of participatory mechanisms, referring to the building of social capital in the community, the main body of each participating role and positioning of the formation of such linkages. These in the main, including government, businesses, communities and other public organizations and community residents. Following the construction of social capital by exploring the role of community participation in principle, to discover the problems the role of participatory mechanisms, and the corresponding countermeasures. First, the role of community participation in the construction of social capital should follow the principle of (a) of the Word to meet the social capital: the public interest reflect the public interest is the most important feature of social capital, according to the logic of Putnam, social capital manifested in the members of the community psychology values and beliefs, based on trust show that individual and organizational behavior, and the orderly governance and democratic form of social structure. Therefore, in the community process of building social capital, we must reflect this characteristic. This feature corresponds with the participatory approach is participatory, multi-reflected by the participation of public participation, access to different subjects in favor of public resources and the demands of their own interests. (B) in favor of grassroots democracy community grass-roots democracy,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], our democratic system is an important part of the community of grassroots democracy at this stage is through community self-government embodied in the form. Modern social theory, community self governance of citizens in the community the most effective way. Local communities embodying a kind of knowledge, for the construction of effective social capital is essential, but also fit the Democratic Administration to the value of decentralized governance demands. Community self-government itself a political participation,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], citizens directly participate in social management is an important manifestation of social progress. If we as a country composed of many autonomous community multi-center community, that community is a testing ground for democracy. (C) help to promote the construction of service-oriented government service-oriented government, is the modern Public Administration theory of the new requirements of the Government, reflecting the administrative mode of the February 23, 2008, the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau meeting on the Fourth of collective learning, the CPC Central Committee General Secretary Hu Jintao stressed that building a service-oriented government, is the purpose of upholding the party's fundamental requirement of serving the people wholeheartedly, is thoroughly implement the scientific development concept and build the necessary requirements of a socialist harmonious society, but also speed up the Administration system,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], strengthen the important task of the government itself. Community management at this stage of social capital and community building, play the role of government can not do without, but should reflect the Government's participation in the development requirements of service-oriented government. Second, the role of community participation in the construction of social capital problems (a) the construction administration of community social capital tend to serious, the Government General (2000) 23 document by, the Chinese government regarded all over the city as an important community building project task. Urban community development, can not do without government support, however, the government brought a strong community involvement but the slow development of autonomy, and contrary to the ultimate goal of community development,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but does not meet the original intention of building community social capital. Building social capital in the community government in the administrative phenomenon, highlights the tendency of the administration in the neighborhood on. Residents Committee as an autonomous organization, the building of social capital in the community should play an independent and active role, but in the specific implementation process, the neighborhood was too much administrative interference by the government, becoming a quasi-government organizations, the functions of law is basically self-government organizations can not play. Performance in this respect, the neighborhood layout to undertake the administration of all aspects of the increasingly diverse, struggling to cope with the phenomenon of more and more prominent in community management services independently of time and energy to less and less; the other hand, the Government adopted full-time cadres and selected financial funds for conversion subject to administrative personnel neighborhood cadres, leading cadres of professional neighborhood, so many residents and neighborhood committee cadres themselves that the neighborhood is a government, neighborhood cadres are government cadres, which seriously distorted the nature of the neighborhood, but also makes the neighborhood the real functions can not play. This (B) difficult to play the role of NGOs in community-based organizations of building social capital in the community there are two major problems: first, the community intermediary organizations are at the initial stage of development, no real independent market operation; the second is a community non-profit organizations not only faced with default or permit access to the government's political legitimacy, but also strive to enhance the attractiveness of the community to get in community activities to support sustainable resources and the accumulation of social residents legitimacy, which makes the non-profit organizations in the mobilization of resources to be inadequate. For example, the Shenzhen community survey of non-governmental organizations, community organizations, the mobilization and organizational skills are very limited. Shenzhen's 622 communities, a large number of various community non-governmental organizations, but most not included in the scope of registration, to fend for themselves in a state of disorder, compared with other community organizations, in a weak position. This makes the community work can only rely on the administration too much power, and thus more limited social capital formation. Can be said that the community is weak civil society organizations working in the community building we are the (C) a weak sense of community residents to participate in community building Recalling the years of development history, we can see that in recent years through the direct election of community committees began to attach importance to community residents in community affairs participation, but in general terms, the community residents as the role of the community owner has not been fully exploited. Community service in the 20th century when the rise of the 80 community residents more of a community service recipient is a passive acceptance of services; the 20th century, construction of 90 proposed the concept of community again and the Chinese Communist Party leadership on the people's government an important position, relying on community building target neighborhood direct elections also remain in the administrative level of awareness and mobilize, mobilize the community on a deeper level there is no real power. This is both in people's minds or in practice, is true. So now be concerned about community building, which still rely on the Government to promote the general idea and the next street and sent cadres to strengthen the administrative functions of the committees, the concept of community or neighborhood streets are the same as under the jurisdiction of the administrative regions, This is only the focus of government decentralization of power to grassroots communities, and not to use the community as a community building its own strength to solve the community's development.
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