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Capital Agricultural Modernization of Agriculture to lead a bright future

Abstract: Contemporary Western capitalist countries, experience has shown that agricultural development, small farms, large farms is irreversible exclusion of objective economic laws, Marxist classical writers on the out of date, so-called The current practice of the two problems be solved is how to achieve small-scale modern agriculture system and the effective convergence, how to nurture and develop the capital as agriculture, boils down to Chinese papers League finishing. Key words: small-scale system; peasant economy; modern agriculture; labor intensive; capital-intensive report the Seventeenth Party Congress, to adhere to the path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics. The basic connotation is , the level of mechanization and information technology, to improve land productivity, resource utilization and agricultural labor productivity, provide students the international competitiveness of agricultural products and comprehensive benefits, and promote sustainable agricultural development. But in China, as Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: themselves trapped forever poor Today, 1.3 billion more people in our country there are still 949 million farmers and more than 260 million small farmers living in scattered villages more than 380 million, including 63% of the agricultural population, 60% of the working age population, 66% elderly population and 70% of the children population. Next, the system of how to implement small-scale agriculture and development of effective combination of modern theory and government departments to become urgent in-depth study of an important practical topic. Therefore, Marxist classical writers of One Marxist classical writers on the Ricardo's national distribution or in theory, are not small farmers and small farmers from the farming system of the historical status. Marx pointed out: This ownership led the decline everywhere. Capital expenditure on land prices is bound to take away the capital for farming. production indefinitely dispersed producers themselves indefinitely separation. cause great waste of manpower. production conditions and the deteriorating increasingly expensive production is the inexorable law of small plots of land ownership. For this mode of production, a good harvest is also an unfortunate Therefore, as crushed, as the train crushed the wheelbarrow is no problem as Therefore, Engels in the We are not against their will and forcibly interfere with their property relations. ... ... If we have to wait until after the development of capitalist production everywhere, until finally a small artisans and small farmers have become the last big production of the victims of capitalism after again to achieve this transformation, it may too bad for us. We in the sense that the benefit to farmers must sacrifice some of the social funds, from the standpoint of the capitalist economy just like Waste of money, but it is a excellent investment, because this substance may spend the entire expense of social reform savings on 9 / 10. In this sense, we can be generous to the peasants In general, Marxist classical writers on the is still of very important theoretical and practical significance. The late 19th century, however, a number of bourgeois and petty bourgeois economists have suggested: to operate, and industrial development and even the contrary, agriculture, intensive farming to small business to large business has great advantages. Therefore, in the development of capitalism in agriculture and the tendency not to large-scale production, on the contrary, in the within the scope of agricultural development, large-scale production is not usually a higher form of production They thus concluded: Marx on the general law of capitalist accumulation To this end, Kautsky in the In his view, capitalist agricultural production, industrial production, as large as a small agricultural production is far superior. First, the large-scale farming in terms of savings in labor and materials is far superior to small-scale agriculture; second, large-scale farming in Shoushe, granaries, water and other architecture on a smaller more economical agriculture; third, saving land and reducing the agricultural labor cost; fourth largest agricultural labor-saving tools and benefit more rational use of agricultural machinery, especially some large machinery, small farmers can not use; Fifth, use of large-scale farming can be scientifically livestock; sixth largest agricultural business than small farmers can make better use of the advantages of division of labor, and reasonable division of labor can take advantage of specialized farm machinery and other specialized functions; seventh, to give full play to the agricultural division of physical and mental superiority, particularly can be better hiring and training technical personnel, this is a reasonable management of modern agriculture in the first important condition; eighth and big agriculture is conducive to more fully utilize some of the larger irrigation and drainage facilities; ninth and big agriculture In addition to these advantages in the production field, the in bank credit and commercial areas there are many advantages; and so on. In short, the capital is not confined to the city of its power industry, to strengthen the capital once fully up, it will succumb to their own agriculture as a whole, thus contributing to a fundamental change in traditional agriculture. In other words, capitalism's decisive victory in agriculture is agricultural production depends on the market mechanism, and this dependence but based on capitalist private ownership of land and agricultural producers on the basis of wage labor, that is capitalism in agriculture the commercialization of the occupation is a completely (land commercialization and commercialization of agricultural producers of the labor force) as a prerequisite. Therefore, the a; agriculture is an agent of change will happen, whether you want to destroy the old forms of production, will lead to new production patterns. Only answer these questions, we can determine the applicability of Marx's theory of agriculture, private ownership of production is destined to make just to eliminate the process of production in all the most important means of production - land until stopped It should be said, Kautsky on capitalism will eventually be completely ruled out the agricultural mode of production of small farmers is convincing. Kautsky, Lenin, as also the lack of a systematic study of capitalism in agriculture work. Now in his magnum opus, Kautsky (450 pages) in the first part of the that gap However, The 20th century,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the * Pu Duoer goes as far as Denmark is called the 'ideal state of agriculture and cooperation'. In Russia, held on behalf of liberal populist views have often Nadan Mai when the 'trump card' to attack Marxism, and maintenance of the so-called small agricultural economy full of vitality theory Russian populist theorists and Mr. Jim Mayer pointed out: rule scope; is more established in culture, higher levels of economic development regions, the collapse of capitalism, increasing agricultural production is becoming decentralized and fragmented; no reclamation of an area development process has been stopped, no region of the large capitalist agriculture Agricultural labor was not the disintegration of the crowding out Lenin for this so-called basis of a total cultivated area of land or farm methods to compare the uncritical, routinization. bourgeois economists as a major mistake is to separate large and small, political and economic facts and figures with the total contact between separated to . In fact, hectares of land owners must rely on hired labor to operate, or even 40 hectares of land owners as well. Thus, in modern capitalist environment, the natural economy of small farmers can linger and slowly die in pain, will not have any prosperity The Classification of farms by land area of material to determine the nature of capitalism in agriculture or the nature of capitalism, then, the U.S. example to show us the past 10 years, growth of large capitalist farms and small farms have been squeezed as a general rule, ,],[In short, characteristics of crops in the land area is under small scale of production and greatly expanded use of hired labor. In conclusion, the real estate and the largest farms greatly enhanced, medium farms and small farms are squeezed, the youngest, a high degree of access to the capitalist farm development. 'small' production - If you are still in accordance with the practice, according to the land area it would be counted as small-scale production - according to the amount of capital investment for land is 'big' production. This is not an individual, and all are extensive agriculture to intensive agriculture in the country instead of the typical phenomenon. all the capitalist countries is true, if you ignore this typical of agriculture, the nature of the fundamental characteristics of small farmers will commit the common mistake of admirers - - only on the size of land area as a judge Therefore, ... ... who holds the banks, direct control of the United States will come to 1 / 3 of the farm, and the indirect rule of all farms. in accordance with a general plan, the total production of more than half of the total production of millions of farms organized, which in modern and a variety of joint development of transport technology is widely the case is entirely achievable Speak louder than words. 100 years since the 20th century, For example, from 1935 to 2005 for 70 years, the United States from the 6,814,000 total number of farms decreased to less than 200 million, average per farm increased scale from the 191 acres 435 acres, expanded 127.7%, an average per farm more than ten dollars worth of fixed assets increased by a more than 60 million. Currently, the U.S. annual output of 10 million U.S. dollars of agricultural output of small farms accounted for only 11.4%, while the annual output value of 10 to 50 million dollars in medium-sized farms has accounted for 26.9%, the annual output of 50 million or more large farms 61.9% is accounted for [8]. Another example, from 1970 to 2004, more than 30 years, the total number of Danish farms decreased from 200,000 to 45,624, the average per farm more than ten hectares by the expanded scale of operation to nearly 60 hectares, leaving only 183,000 across the country farmers, agricultural labor force is only 6.8 million people. Expected in the next 10 to 15 years, the average size of farms in the country will more than double again [9]. Dutch per capita cultivated land is only 0.84 mu / person in the world per capita cultivated land belonging to at least one of the countries. But in the last two or three decades, the total number of family farms in the country by the 185,000 down to 25,000, an average annual rate of decline of 4.8%, the average scale of each farm to expand from the 16 hectares to 22.5 hectares, currently the country only The remaining 86,000 farmers, agriculture employed 12 people. Forecast in the next 10 to 15 years, the country still has 40% of the small farmers have been eliminated [10]. Japan is densely populated East Asia, one of the typical, but from 1963 to 2000, 37 years, from the 5.75 million Japanese households to reduce the total number to 312 million, the number of agricultural employment fell by a 76.6% to 2.2%. Although the per capita area of cultivated land during this period reduced by the 0.0633hm2 to 0.0374hm2, a drop of 40% or more, but the unit of agricultural labor actually was an upward trend in the average amount of cultivated land, from 0.2060hm2 / rose to 1.0870hm2 / person, close to 1961 5 times. Can be said that the Japanese government since 1961 to develop as the main structure of modern agricultural production, and agricultural labor productivity in Japan is still relatively low, probably the United States, 1 / 8, European 1 / 4. Therefore, In just a false order to preserve the property in the hands of farmers, while allowing the natural decline of agriculture. where to go, the Japanese government in the future will depend on the agricultural policy choices. but it must be clear that the status quo of today will inevitably bring about tomorrow's agricultural recession [11] (p310).