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ghdhair100 · Wysłany: Śro 6:14, 16 Mar 2011 Temat postu: Selective mutism_1318

Selective mutism
They may speak,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but only in a whisper. Other children will often volunteer to speak for them. Selective mutism is not the same as mutism. Children diagnosed with mutism speak to no one. There are several reasons why children may not speak and it is important that a speech and language therapist should investigate a variety of factors, before deciding on the approaches that would best support the child. Factors that cause selective mutism are often anxiety-related. Sometimes it will be a reaction to trauma of some kind. Occasionally it will be because the child suffers from a hearing impairment and therefore lacks the confidence to speak, except to a few familiar people. Children with selective mutism will sometimes speak to friends or siblings but not to adults. Most children with the condition make school their silent place. When a child has chosen to be silent with adults in school, it is difficult to assess their attainment and progress, especially with reading. Situations may also arise when the child’s selective mutism can make it more difficult or even dangerous for them, such as in the case of illness or injury. It will help if there is one adult, or perhaps a classmate, to whom the child is willing to speak in such circumstances.Key characteristicsChildren with selective mutism may: have a fear of people, especially unknown adults speak at home with family and close relatives be overwhelmingly shy find eye-contact uncomfortable be expressionless and even rigid most of the time remain detached and on the edge of things have undiagnosed, intermittent or ongoing hearing problems feel unable to speak in social situations outside the home.Support strategiesYou may need to: provide continuous reassurance and encouragement foster familiarity between the child and a sympathetic teaching assistant on a one-to-one basis,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], in a quiet place, for a short time every day try to avoid settings and situations that may cause anxiety establish a safe place in the classroom where the child can go when they feel anxious create familiar and enjoyable routines and encourage the child to take part encourage the child to take part in non-verbal activities, such as games using picture cards, with a familiar adult and perhaps one other child encourage verbal or at least gestural responses in safe situations make a fun game of cumulatively copying actions, such as nod, stamp, clap, etc., gradually building up until one of you gets it wrong, then maybe add a sound or two encourage the child to use visual materials as much as possible to extend learning make use of puppets in informal situations where the puppet can do the talking encourage creative activities, including art, music,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], design and technology encourage the child to deal with their anxieties when they feel ready to do so.Support agenciesAssociation for all Speech Impaired Children (AFASIC)
The Court of Appeal pointed out that R and F's submission in the county court was of overt, conscious racism, and it was not prepared to find that there had been unconscious discrimination.The decisionThe Court of Appeal said that, unlike the ordinary civil claim where the judge decides, on the claimant's evidence only, whether the claimant has made out a case, in this case the judge had had the benefit of the whole of the evidence. Despite the school's failure to comply with the statutory requirements, the judge had been entitled to find on the basis of all the evidence that R and F had not proved racial discrimination.

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