www.public4you.fora.pl

px941934

China's financial structure, regulation and development

First, financial structure and content changes 1. Financial structure content. U.S. financial experts, Professor Goldsmith,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], size constitute the characteristics of a country's financial structure. The core idea is that a country's existing financial instruments and financial institutions, and constitute the country's financial structure, including a variety of existing financial instruments and the relative size of financial institutions, operating characteristics and mode of operation of various branches of financial intermediaries concentration of such institutions and the financial structure of a change over time. Thus, Professor, Goldsmith came from studies of macro financial structure. In my opinion, the financial structure actually contains the macro and micro level, at the macro level refers to financial institutions in the financial system, financial services, financial instruments, financial assets, the ratio of the various components, relations and Trends, At the micro level refers to the internal components of the composition, proportions and Trends. at the macro level, the financial structure can be summarized in four aspects: First, structure of the financial industry - banking, securities, insurance, trust and other various industries throughout the financial industry system The proportion of status and trends, including the financing scale, the number of customers, the proportion of total financial assets, and so on. Financial industry structure reflects the different business areas of financial industry status and development. Second, the structure of financial institutions - financial institutions in the form, type, quantity and proportion of various financial institutions. In different historical periods, a national organization of financial institutions and financial institutions in a variety of different proportion, in particular, financial innovation continue to make the emergence of new financial institutions, constantly changing the structure. Third, the structure of financial instruments and financial assets - financial instruments and financial assets, the main form of its share of the financial markets. In addition, the spatial extent of the financial industry to explore the perspective of macro financial structure is also reflected in the domestic payments (financial business with two major international financial services sector, financial globalization, international financial business is an important aspect of the financial sector, and increasingly deep impact on the domestic macro-financial structure changes, it is a measure of macro-financial structure of the fourth aspect - the international structure of financial services. at the micro level, the financial structure is financial institutions to inspect the internal point of view, can be divided into three aspects: First, the asset structure of financial institutions - the amount and composition with the proportion of the assets. Since different relative concentration of financial institutions engaged in financial activities and their own characteristics Therefore, the amount of its owned assets and structural changes, on the one hand reflects the changes in the financial institutions themselves, it also reflects changes in the entire financial industry. For example in the financial restructuring, changes in the structure of assets of financial institutions is very obvious. II business structure of financial institutions - the same financial institutions in the banking, securities, insurance, trust services, such as different proportion of the financial sector. For example, in the separate operation system, a financial institution engaged in a range of financial services, but With the deepening of mixed industry trends, through a variety of innovative financial institutions gradually expand or change its business scope, business structure changes reflect the extent of the financial industry tend to mix. Third, the profit structure of financial institutions - Financial institutions in different business areas gains in the proportion of total revenue. income largely reflects the structure of financial institutions, business structure and asset structure, but sometimes there are circumstances departure. 2 . financial structure change. (1) macro-financial structure changes. From a macro perspective, the financial structure of the dynamic development of a continuous process of high-class, first of all, the financial industry from the first single of bank credit compared to the modern banking industry, securities , insurance, trust business sector of both four-stage, the upgrading and development of the financial industry is the most significant structural changes; Second, in both the business process, the various financial institutions continue to produce, thus enriching and changing the the structure of financial institutions; again, from the financial instruments, financial assets, analysis, due to financial innovation and development, financial instruments, financial products, increasing the existing form of financial assets are increasingly diversified, financial instruments and asset structure of the evolution towards all-round development of the form ; Finally, the domestic and international financial business structure, in the contemporary trend of global integration of international financial sector growing conditions, the independent countries of the world continued integration of domestic financial markets as a whole, along with cross-border financial groups developed in conducting business on the global market, international business has become an important and even dominant business. (2) changes in micro-finance structure. At the micro level, the development of macro financial structure and improvement at the same time, the financial institutions themselves and their assets, business, revenue structure is also undergoing constant change. rule in the bank credit market stage, the dominant position deposit and loan business, and with the development of direct financing, bonds, stock issuance operations have become increasingly prominent position, to adapt to this change and diversification of market demand and growing competition, financial institutions gradually expanded the scope of business. For example, the traditional business of commercial banks and securities related business gradually increased, the securities companies to commercial banking penetration, the securities business and credit and other services are gradually integrated. a direct impact on changes in business structure change in income structure, while, in order to adapt to business restructuring and asset structure will undergo corresponding changes. As the rapid development of financial sector , micro-finance structure of the complex is always in constant flux. Second, the financial structure and changes in financial supervision and the relationship between changes 1. financial structure and financial supervision. (1) a direct impact on financial structure and division of labor structure of the financial regulatory system. The financial structure and financial risks caused by direct impact on the structure and the structure of the financial regulatory system. different financial structure will lead to different structure of the financial risk, and risk control is the primary task of financial supervision, financial structure and risk control to adapt to the needs of financial regulators also need to develop appropriate institutional arrangements and division of labor. So what can be said that there is any kind of financial structure kind of regulatory regime and structure. financial regulation and financial structure reflects the financial risk arising is how to influence and even determine the structure of financial supervision system and division of labor. Early the financial industry is bank-oriented financial structure, including securities, insurance and other financial services, including a very developed, mainly for the financial risk of bank risk, meet this need, every country of the central bank, as the national regulation of financial institutions, the dominant position of the banking sector, so its regulatory focus is to monitor the business activities of commercial banks. With the securities, insurance, trust, etc., as independent financial industry developed, as both the financial sector with the banking industry, new financial structure and financial risk structure, the structure of financial regulation division has a new arrangement, there has been solely on the securities and insurance regulatory bodies, legislation, law enforcement, institutional settings and other aspects have received attention. in the financial sub-sector system, adapt to the financial structure, financial regulators increasingly diverse, and constantly improve the regulatory system. Exploring the world's major developed countries, 80 in the 20th century, before the financial regulatory system and structure of the development process of all this. (2) affect the financial structure of financial supervision, particularly micro-finance structure. financial regulation needs to adapt to the financial structure, but this does not mean that the relationship between financial structure and financial supervision, financial regulation in a passive adaptation side, financial regulation also affects the financial structure, especially in terms of micro-finance structure. This is mainly reflected in the financial structure when not meet the financial supervision will prevent the need for further development of the financial structure, namely, financial regulation, effect. a financial services regulatory authority or a suppression of the financial sector will directly hinder the development of financial business or field. 1929 to 1933, the great crisis, investment in U.S. financial regulators to force the separation of banking and commercial banking actually directly change the U.S. financial structure, and investment banking business since the strict supervision of a direct impact on the growth of the industry, coupled with economic reasons, investment banking 70 years until the 20th century began to develop greater , and with the supervision of the field since the 80's the increasingly relaxed and showed rapid growth. From the micro-finance structure, reflects the impact of financial supervision is even more obvious, whether it is market access, regulatory or business regulation, have a direct impact of financial agency business structure and income structure, thereby affecting the development of financial institutions. U.S. financial industry 90 years in the 20th century called for relaxation of the control of financial institutions to explore the mixed operation, its important reason is that this regulation because the scale of U.S. financial institutions led to partial small, business structure, capital structure to affect the international competitiveness of the single. China has strict supervision of the sub-sector, making the banks asset structure, income structure are also a good example is a single. 2. Financial Structure and the financial regulatory changes. to promote financial development requires changes in the financial structure of the mutual adaptation of changes in financial regulation, to achieve the dynamic coordination of the two factors. In a sense, movements in financial structure directly influence and even determine the direction of change financial regulation, and financial regulatory structure to adapt to changes in the financial, but also directly affect the financial structure of the path and the time course of change. (1 )