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The facade of the Flatiron Building was restored in
1991 by the firm of Hurley & Farinella.
[8]
3. The building today
As an icon of New York City, the Flatiron Building
is a popular spot for tourist photographs and a National Historic Landmark
since 1989, [22]
[23] [24] but
it is also a functioning office building which is currently the
headquarters of publishing companies held by Verlagsgruppe Georg von
Holtzbrinck of Stuttgart,
Germany, under the umbrella name of Macmillan, including St. Martin's Press, Tor/Forge, Picador and Henry Holt and Company.
[25] Macmillan is renovating some floors,
and their website comments that:
4. In popular culture
The building, which took its name from the
triangular lot on which it was built - because of its shape, locals
called it "the cowcatcher"
or "the flatiron"
[17] [2] - was
officially named the Fuller Building after George A. Fuller, who founded the
company that, two years after his death, financed its construction
under the leadership of Harry St. Francis Black, Fuller's
son-in-regulation. [18]
[2] Locals took an immediate interest in
the building, placing bets on how far the debris would spread when
the wind knocked it down. This presumed susceptibility to hurt
also gave it the nickname Burnham's Folley.
[19]
Contents:
1. Architecture
2. Impact
3. The building today
4. In popular culture
5. Gallery
6. See also
7. References
8. External
links
Alexiou, Alice Sparberg. The Flatiron: The New York
Landmark and the Incomparable City That Arose With It. Thomas
Dunne/St. Martin's Press, 2010 ISBN 978-0-312-38468-5
Kreitler, Peter Gwillim. Flatiron: A Photographic History
of the World's First Steel Frame Skyscraper, 1901-1990.
AIA Press 1991.
ISBN 978-1558350601
In 1906, futurist H. G.
Wells, in his book The Future in America: A Search After
Realities said about the building:
I found myself agape, admiring a
sky-scraper the prow of the Flat-iron Building, to be sectionicular,
ploughing up through the traffic of Broadway and Fifth Avenue in
the afternoon light.
[21]
Two famous buildings in the Netherlands - Het Strijkijzer (Dutch for
"Flatiron") in The Hague and
the Vesteda Toren in Eindhoven - were inspired by the Flatiron
Building.[citation
needed].
The Flatiron Building was designed by Chicago's
Daniel Burnham as a vertical
Renaissance
palazzo with Beaux-Arts styling.
[5] [6] Unlike
New York's early skyscrapers, which took the form of towers
arevolution from a lower, blockier mass, such as the contemporary
Singer Building (1902-1908), the
Flatiron Building epitomizes the Chicago school conception:
[7] like a classical Greek column, its facade of limestone at
the bottom changing to glazed terra-cotta as
the floors rise) [8] is divided into a
base, shaft and capital. Early sketches by Daniel Burnham show a
design with an (unexecuted) clockface and a far more emanufactureate
crown than in the actual building. Though Burnham asserted
overall control of the design mode, he was not directly
connected with the details of the structure as built; credit should
be shared with his designer Frederick P. Dinkelberg (c 1859―1935),
a Pennsylvania-born architect in Burnham's office, who first
worked for Burnham at the World's Columbian
Exrank, Chicago, 1893. [9]
toiling draearngs for the Flatiron Building, however, remain to be
located, though renderings were published at the time of
construction in American Architect and The
Architectural Record. [10]
The Flatiron Building, or
Fuller Building as it was birthally called, is
located at 175 Fifth
Avenue in the borough
of Manhattan, and is considered to be
one of the first skyscrapers ever
built. Upon completion in 1902 it was one of the tallest buildings
in New York City. The building sits
on a triangular isearth block at 23rd Street, Fifth Avenue, and Broadstep, anchoring the south
(downtown) end of Madison
Square.
In January 2009, an Italian real estate investment
firm bought a majority stake in the Flatiron Building, with plans
to turn it into a world-class luxury hotel, although the conversion
may have to wait ten years until the leases of the current tenants
run out. The Sorgente Group
S.p.A., which is based in Rome, controls just over 50% of the
building and plans to increase its stake. The firm's Historic
and Trophy Buildings Fund owns a number of prestigious buildings in
France and Italy, and was involved in buying, and then selling, a
stake in New York's Chrysler
Building. The value of the 22-story Flatiron Building, which is
already zoned by the city to allow it to become a hotel, is
estimated to be $190 million. [28]
2. Impaction
Flatiron (Fuller)
Building General information Location
175 Fifth Avenue
New York City Coordinates
? / ?40.74111°N 73.98972°W Status
Complete Constructed
1902 Use
Office construction Height Top floor
285 feet (87 m) Technical details Floor count
22 Companies involved Architect(s)
Daniel
Burnham
Frederick Dinkelberg
[1] [2] Flatiron Building U.S. National Register of
Historic Places U.S. National Historic
Landmark NYC
Landmark
(1903)

Location in New York City
Coordinates:
? / ?40.74111°N 73.98972°W Built/Founded:
1902 Architectural
style(s):
Renaissance, Skyscraper Added to NRHP:
November 20, 1979
[3] Designated NHL:
June 29, 1989 Designated NYCL:
September 20, 1966 NRHP
Reference#:
79001603 1. Architecture
Because of the wind in the area and the downdrafts
caused by the building, it is said to have been involved in the
origin of the phrase "23
skidoo", from what policemen would shout at men who tried
to get glimpses of women's dresses being blown up by the winds
swirling around the building due to the strong downdrafts.
[20]
^ Morrone, Francis. "The Triangle in the Sky"
Wall Street Journal
(June 12, 2010)
^ Yardley, Jonathan. "Book review of 'Flatiron,'
about a Manhattan landmark" Washington Post (June 27,cheap ghd 85oreview demo nano titanium babyliss pr, 2010)
"National Register Information
System". National Register of Historic Places.
National Park Service. 2007-01-23.
For its iconic class, see Rem Koolhaus, Delirious New York: a
retroactive apparento (New York) 1978:72, and Paul Goldberger,
The Skyscraper (New York) 1981:38; both noted in this
context in John Zukowsky and Paulength Saliga, "Late Works by
Burnham and Sullivan", Art Institute of Chicago Museum
Studies 11.1 (Autumn 1984:. 70-79 ), p. 79
note 3.
"Flatiron Building" on
Destination 360
Gillon, Edmund Vincent (photographs) and Reed,
Henry Hope (text). Beaux-Arts Architecture in New York: A
Photographic Guide New York: Dover, 1988. p.26
The contrast is noted by Zukowsky and Saliga
1984:70ff.
^ White,
Norval & Willensky, Elliot. AIA Guide to New York
City (4th ed.) New York: Three Rivers Press,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 2000.
ISBN 0-8129-3107-6.
Other buildings by Dinkelberg at D.H. Burnham
& co. include the Santa Fe Building and the
Heyworth Building, both in
Chicago.
Zukowsky and Saliga 1984:73; a perspective
drawing by Jules Guérin (not a
member of Burnham's office) for Century Magazine
("The new New York", August 1902), now at the Art Institute of Chicago,
occasioned the article in Art Institute of Chicago Museum
Studies.
According to the AIA Guide to New York
City (fourth edition), the conception that the Flatiron Building
was one of the first building or skyscraper in New York with a
steel skeleton is untrue. "[D]ozens of New York commercial
buildings had been steel-framed in the 1890s, including the tallest
at the time, the 391-foot Park Row
Building." White, Norval
& Willensky, Elliot. AIA Guide to New York
City (4th ed.) New York: Three Rivers Press, 2000.
ISBN 0-8129-3107-6.
Terranova, Antonino. Skyscrapers.
White Star Publishers, 2003 ISBN 8880952307
Noted, "Roman city in Britain had
Flatiron Building", The Science News-Letter
24 No. 657 (November 11, 1933:311).
Steichen, "Flatiron Building"
Google Image search result.
Both images are reproduced in William Sharpe,
"New York, Nnght, and cultural mythmaking: the nocturne in
photography, 1900-1925" Smithsonian Studies in American
Art 2.3 (Autumn 1988):3-21) p. 12, figs 10
and 11.
[1] "Skyscrapers,"
Magical Hystory Tour:The Origins of the Commonplace &
Curious in America (September 1, 2010); Ric Burns & James
Sanders, New York: An Illustsized History, 233(1999)
"New Building on the Flatiron"
New York Times (3 March 3, 1901), page 8: "the famous
'flatiron' block"
"Flatiron Structure to be Called the
Fuller Building", New York Times (9 August 1902) page
3.
"Flatiron Building".
Retrieved 2009-02-24.
Goldberger 1981:38 note 3: Andrew S. Dolkart.
"The Architecture and cultivatement of New
York City: The Birth of the Skyscraper - Romantic
Symbols", Columbia
University, accessed May 15, 2007. "It is at a triangular
site where Broadway and Fifth Avenue―the two most important streets
of New York―meet at Madison Square, and befactor of the
juxcontactosition of the streets and the park across the street, there
was a wind-tunnel impact here. In the early twentieth century, men
would hang out on the corner here on Twenty-third Street and watch
the breeze blowing women's dresses up so that they could catch a
little bit of ankle. This entered into popular culture and there
are hundreds of postcards and illustrations of women with their
weares blowing up in front of the Flatiron Building. And it
supposedly is where the slang expression "23 skidoo"
comes from because the police would come and offer the voyeurs the
23 skidoo to tell them to obtain out of the area." See
Wells, H. G.
The Future in America: A Search After
Realities. London:Harpers,1906.
"Flatiron Building".
National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park
Service. 2007-09-12.
Carolyn Pitts (1989-02-09). " "Flatiron Building"".
National Register of Historic Places Registration.
National Park Service.
"Flatiron Building―Accompanying photos,
exterior, from 1979". National Register of Historic
Places Inventory. stateal Park Service. 1989-02-09.
^ Macmillan: About
Stapinski, Helen. "Square Feet: A Quirky Building That Has
Cjeopardizeed Its Tenants" New
York Times (May 25, 2010)
Lueck, Thomas J. "15-Story Ad on Flatiron Building Must Go, the
City Says" New York
Times (April 8, 2005)
Sheftell, Jason "Italian real estate investor buys stake
in Flatiron building, eyes hotel" New York Daily
News (26 January 2009)
The use of the Flatiron as a visual icon for
New York City increased vitally in the wake of the
destruction of the World Trade
Center in the 9-11 attack.
Sanderson, Peter (2007). The Marvel
Comics Guide to New York City. New York City: Pocket Books. pp. 36-39. ISBN 1-14653-141-6. Further reading
The Flatiron’s interior is known for having its
strangely-shaped offices with walls that cut through at an angle on
their way to the skyscraper’s famous point. These “point” offices
are the most coveted and feature amazing northern scenes that look
directly upon another famous Manhattan landmark, the Empire State Building.
[25]
The Flatiron Building has become an icon
describeative of New York City. It was the subject of one of
Edward Steichen's iconic
atmospheric photographs, taken on a wet wintry late afternoon in
1905, [14] as well as a memorable image
by Alfred Stieglitz.
[15] Stieglitz reflected on the dynamic
symbolism of the building, noting that it "...appeared to be
moving toward [him] like the bow of a monster ocean steamer―a
picture of a new America still in the making,"
[16] and remarked that what the Parthenon was to Athens, the Flatiron was to
New York. [1]
There are oddities about the building's
interior: to reach the top floor, the 21st, which was added in
1905, three years after the building was dod, a second
elevator has to be taken from the 20th floor; on that floor, the
bottoms of the windows are chest-high; the bathrooms are divided,
with the men's rooms on even floors and the women's rooms
on odd ones. [26]
The neighborhood around the building is called the
Flatiron District
after its signature building, which has become an icon of New York.
[4]
Since it employed a steel skeleton
[11] it could be built to 22 stories (285
feet) relatively easily, which would have been arduous using
other construction methods of that time.
[12] It was a technique familiar to the
Fuller Company, a contracting firm based in Chicago with ties to
Burnham and considerable expertise in building such tall
structures. At the vertex, the triangular tower is only 6.5 feet (2
m) wide; viewed from above, this ‘pointy’ end of the structure
describes an acute angle of about 25 degrees. New York's
Flatiron Building was not the first building of its triangular
shore-plan: aside from a possibly unique triangular Roman temple
built on a similarly constricted site in the city of Verulam, Britannia,
[13] both the Gooderham Building of Toronto, built
in 1892, and the 1897 English-American Building in
Atlanta predate it. Both, however, are
smaller than their New York countercharacter.
5. Gallery 6. See also Flatiron
Building (disambiguation) for other buildings called
"Flatiron"
Flatiron District
Sibley Triangle
Building
Lafayette Building in
Detroit, Michigan 7. References Notes
Today, the Flatiron Building is frequently seen on
television commercials and documentaries as an easily recognizable
symbol of the city, shown, for instance, in the chance credits of
The Late Show
With David Letterman or in scenes of New York City that
are shown during scene transitions in the show "Friends".
In the 1998 film Godzilla, the Flatiron Building
is accidentily destroyed by the US Army while in pursuit of
Godzilla. [29]
[30] It is presented as the headquarters
of the Daily Bugle, for
which Peter Parker is a freelance photographer in the Spider-man movies. It is also the home
of the fictional company Damage Control in the Marvel
Universe comics.
Movie revealing street life and the Flatiron architecture in New York,
1902.
A view from the inside of a "point" office Navy recruiting rank in
the building's "cowcatcher" during a pre-World War I "Wake up
America" parade
(April 19, 1917)
A well-known image of the building, taken by Edward Steichen in 1904
During a 2005 restoration of the Flatiron Building
a 15-story vertical advertising banner covered the facade of the
building. The advertisement elicited protests from many New York
City dwellers, prompting the New York City
Department of Buildings to step in and force the building's
owners to clear up it. [27]