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ghdhair100 · Wysłany: Śro 6:17, 16 Mar 2011 Temat postu: Influential language patterns_932

Influential language patterns
Richard Bandler and John Grinder1, the founders of NLP, defined approximately 40 different language patterns used by Milton Erickson, the world famous hypnotist and hypnotherapist. Erickson regularly used the patterns to influence clients and ensure that they followed his suggestions. These are powerful tools, both for use in the classroom and in life in general. By the way, should your ethical button have been pushed a little, listen more carefully the next time a salesperson talks to you, as these things are standard practice in sales and are well worth knowing about!PresuppositionsA key concept to grasp before you being to explore a few of these patterns, is the notion of presupposition. It works like this: If we were to say, 'either now or in the next few seconds you can think of a time when using the right words at the right time would have been more useful', you are quite likely to do just that. This is because the first part of the sentence presupposes that you are going to do what we have suggested.This particular pattern is called a double bind and is very useful when you want to limit the number of possibilities that the person you are talking to will have. For example, in the classroom you might say:'John, would you like to start by doing the questions or the diagram first?'The presupposition is that John will start work now, whichever way he chooses to do it.Covering all basesAnother really useful language pattern is cover all bases. This pattern is useful when building rapport within a group. It works by making sure that all people are included.'I know that some of you have already done some work on this with your last teacher, others are coming to this new and some of you have already developed your own interest in this area.'or'Many of you will find language patterns like these useful whether you work ina primary, secondary or special school, are in management, as AST, subject co-ordinator or teaching assistant.'Yes sets and yes tagsThe yes yes pattern is commonly used by public speakers and politicians. By receiving three undeniable facts one after another the unconscious mind is likely to take the next statement as true also.Note the pattern at the end of the sentence:'It's 10.00am, we have finished the first task, we have 30 minutes left so now it is time to think of some good questions that we can discuss, isn't it?' Fact - fact - fact - embedded command - yes tagThis is called a yes tag and is very difficult to say no to, when placed at the end of a sentence, eg 'That's right isn't it?' Also, if you nod while you say it this increases its effectiveness dramatically.Words to use with careSome single words have a presupposition already built into them. For example: 'If' always implies the possibility of choice – so avoid it unless you wish to allow choice. 'Try' has the presupposition built into it that you might possibly fail. SO if success is what you want from someone else, use another word. In sales someone might say tryto find a better deal. 'Don't' is another interesting phrase. When we use 'don't' we may be accidentally getting people to think of what we actually wish them to avoid thinking about. Don't think of chocolate cake right now! Chunking up and chunking down(moving linguistically from abstract notions to specific details)Bandler and Grinder drew from a wide range of influences in the creation of their model. Grinder was an expert in transofrmational grammar and adapted many of Chomsky's notions of language. In particular they suggest that we are constantly filtering our experience of the world, making deletions, distortions and generalisations.Chunking upCreating generalisations, distortions and deletions (what Bandler and grinder called Milton Model language, from Milton Erickson) is a powerful way of influencing people to search inside themselves for meaning. Such language is particularly powerful when combined with an embedded command. 'Just imagine all the possible ways this could be useful to you!'The generalisations at the start of that sentence send people inside to find meaning (what is called a Transderviational Search) and the command is, in this case, added afterwards. The way it woks is that our conscious mind can only process a small number of things at once. Therefore any single word, set of words or phrase that invokes more items that this (eg all) distracts the conscious mind, during which time we are more open to suggestion or influence.Chunking down (meta-model language)Asking questions that restore the details that have been temporarily erased by the 'filtering process' can help people to see these generalisations. For example, if someone were to say, 'She always makes me cross when she does that,' the response might be,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 'What always?' or 'Exactly how does she make you cross?'A further way of creating influence is to 'chunk' just above the actual situation by telling a story that mirrors the situation that you are seeking to influence someone about. For example:'Imagine for a moment if someone you were to meet in a bar, restaurant or in the street later today were to say to you that...'If the story mirrors the number of characters in real life (their roles etc) but the content is changed, this is called an 'isomorphic' metaphor.Frame settingIn NLP we say that 'the person who sets the frame controls the communication'. In other words, whoever sets the context for the communication at the start, will have influenced everything that follows. Some key examples of this are: Outcome frame – state the outcome that you want in the context 'As if' frame – e.g. just imagine, let's suppose. This is particularly useful in creative problem solving or in creating curiosity at the start of learning (as at the start of this article). Open frame – state that anything canbe discussed (however, be prepared for what may happen!). It is useful to close a frame to limit questions/discussions eg 'What questions do you have about the last part of the lesson?' Discovery frame – for example, giving people an opportunity to learn things through an activity or process. Relevancy frame – use this when you want to save time at the meeting. Set an outcome at the start of the meeting for what you want to cover.References1. Bandler and Grinder, The Structure of Magic Volumes 1 and 2, Science and Behaviour Books 1976. 2. Naom Chomski, Syntactic Structures, Mouton and Co. 1957. Aspects and Theory of Syntax, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1957Recommended reading John Burton and Bob Bodenhammer,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Hypnotic Language, its Structure and Use, ISBN: 1899836357 Crown House Publishing (2006) Romilla Ready and Kate Burton, NLP for Dummies, ISBN 0764570285,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], John Wiley and SOns Ltd (2004) Sue Knight, NLP at Work, ISBN 1857883020, Nicholas Brealey Publishing (2002)First published in Teaching Expertise magazine, Issue 11, Spring 2006
The Court of Appeal pointed out that R and F's submission in the county court was of overt, conscious racism, and it was not prepared to find that there had been unconscious discrimination.The decisionThe Court of Appeal said that, unlike the ordinary civil claim where the judge decides, on the claimant's evidence only, whether the claimant has made out a case, in this case the judge had had the benefit of the whole of the evidence. Despite the school's failure to comply with the statutory requirements, the judge had been entitled to find on the basis of all the evidence that R and F had not proved racial discrimination.

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