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New research reveals unexpected biological pathway in glaucoma,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
A team of researchers from the Kennedy Krieger Institute and four collaborating institutions,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], identified a new and unexpected biological pathway that appears to contribute to the development of glaucoma and its resulting vision loss,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], according to a study published Monday in the online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Prior research has suggested that the optic nerve head,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the point where the cables that carry information from the eye to the brain first exit the eye,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], plays a role in glaucoma. In this study,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], researchers report a series of findings that offer novel insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms operating at the optic nerve head in two mouse models of glaucoma. Most notably,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], they discovered that at a specific location within the optic nerve head,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], there is a unique class of cells called astrocytes that demonstrate properties that appear to make them a critical factor in the visual blinding that occurs in glaucoma.
Further,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], at this same site, researchers found abnormal forms of a protein called gamma synuclein that is similar to abnormal forms of alpha synuclein,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a related protein known for its key role in cell loss in Parkinson's disease. The findings suggest that a biological process similar to Parkinson's disease unfolds in glaucoma at the specific anatomical location pinpointed in this study for the first time.
Finally, researchers discovered that at this anatomical location,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], there is a surprising process whereby astrocytes remove the debris of neurons,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the cells that die in neurodegenerative disorders such as glaucoma. It is likely that this newly discovered process involving removal of the debris of one cell by a neighboring cell is important not only in glaucoma and Parkinson 's disease,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but also for many neurodegenerative diseases.
"These findings are very exciting because they give us several novel targets for future interventions,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," said Nicholas Marsh- Armstrong,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], senior study author and a research scientist at Maryland-based Kennedy Krieger Institute. "I believe these findings put us on the cusp of discovering a treatment for glaucoma that may also have relevance for a number of other neurodegenerative diseases."
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