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According to experts at the Reason Foundation, as of 2009, out of the 57 cigarette tax increases instituted by states since 2003, only 20 had delivered the projected amount of revenue (so, cigarette tax hikes for the relevant period had a stunning 68 percent failure rate). In what taxpayer rights groups say may be the most egregious instance of failure, New Jersey boosted its cigarette tax in 2006, hoping the hike would bring in an extra $30 million. In actual fact, the Garden State saw tax revenue derived from cigarette taxes plummet by over $20 million leaving the state without $50 million it had banked on.
Those studying the matter say there are various reasons why cigarette tax increases represent a risky gamble for cash-strapped state governments looking for a quick revenue hit. One is that when smokers see their costs go up, many of them quit. In the wake of Florida’s $1 per pack hike last year, Florida media was saturated with reports of smokers flooding stop-smoking helplines in an effort to avoid shelling out more on taxes. Another is that when a state surrounded by low (or lower) tax jurisdictions raises its taxes, smuggled cigarettes on which the higher taxes are not levied become a heavily-purchased item.
So far, 12 EU Member States provide for comprehensive protection from exposure to tobacco smoke.[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Total bans on smoking in all enclosed public places and workplaces, including bars and restaurants, are in place in Ireland, UK and Cyprus. Italy, Malta, Sweden,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Latvia, Finland, Slovenia, France,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Lithuania and the Netherlands have introduced smoke-free legislation allowing for special enclosed smoking rooms.
However, in the remaining Member States, citizens and workers are still not fully protected from exposure to tobacco smoke in indoor workplaces and public places. Bars and restaurants are a particularly difficult area of regulation.
Partial smoking bans in the hospitality sector are in place in Austria, Bulgaria, Denmark,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Greece, Portugal, Romania, Belgium, Luxembourg, Slovakia, Spain and most German L?nder
For additional details see: table on implementation of smoke free measures in EU
Border businesses are hoping smokers will continue to return despite the ban.
Josh Ciha, 24,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], of Toledo, who was drinking,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], smoking and shooting pool at M.T. Loonies, said he will “play it by ear,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],” possibly staying in or smoking at friends’ homes. Ryan Snyder, 22, of Toledo said he’ll keep coming to the bar. He’ll just go outside to take a drag.
Corey Beljhelm, 27, of Toledo, who comes to the bar about once a week, also will stand outside to smoke — in Ohio.
“I can’t smoke and the beers are cheaper (in Ohio),” he said. “I pass at least six bars (in Ohio) on the way,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], one just as nice.”
Rick Stubblefield, 58, of Temperance works in Toledo and drank at his union hall and bars until the smoking ban started there, forcing him to return to Michigan to enjoy a beer and Marlboros with friends.
When Michigan’s ban hits, he said,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he’ll “find all the illegal bars to let me smoke. There will always be places.”